Glossary

Relative risk reduction

A measure calculated by dividing the absolute risk reduction by the control event rate.

The relative risk reduction can be more useful than the absolute risk reduction in

determining an appropriate treatment plan, because it accounts not only for the

effectiveness of a proposed treatment, but also for the relative likelihood of an incident

(positive or negative) occurring in the absence of treatment.

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Relapse

The return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission.

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Rehabilitation

A set of measures aimed at restoring normal living conditions through the repair and

reestablishment of vital services interrupted or degraded by a disaster or emergency.

(CRID)

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Reformulation (communication technique)

“Reformulation” is a technique consisting in repeating what the other has just said,

using the same words or rephrasing in a more concise way using other terms, without

adding other concepts to the content. In this way, the operator may obtain a positive

result from the other person, who knows of having been listened. One can wait the

moment in which the other person has finished a sentence for intervening and

resuming what has just been said: “You’re telling me that…”, “You mean that…”, “In

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Red herring

A fallacy that uses irrelevant information to divert attention away from the real issue.(1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

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Recur

To occur again; to return. For example, a symptom, sign, or disease can recur.

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Recovery

1. Decisions and actions taken after a disaster, including a disease, with a view to

restoring or improving the pre-disaster living conditions of the stricken community,

while encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce disaster risk

(ISDR).

2. Longer-term effort to (a) reconstruct and restore the disaster (disease)-stricken area,

e.g. through repairing or replacing homes, businesses, public works, and other

structures; (b) deal with the disruption that the disaster has caused in community life

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Reassortment

A relationship between parties, characterized by corresponding mutual action.

Reciprocity calls for providing something in return for contributions that people have

made . For example, reciprocity implies that society should support those who face

disproportionate burdens in protecting the public good, as well as taking steps to

minimize those burdens as much as possible. (1)

 

(1) WHO, Ethical Considerations in Developing Public Health Response to Pandemic

Influenza, WHO/CDS/EPR/GIP/2007.2

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Quarantine

The restriction of the movement of healthy persons who have been exposed to a

suspected or confirmed case of infection with a highly communicable disease during

the likely infectious period. It is a precaution aimed at preventing further spread of

infection to other people.

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QALY

A measure of the state of health of a person or group in which the benefits, in terms of

length of life, are adjusted to reflect the quality of life. One QALY is equal to 1 year of

life in perfect health.

QALYs are calculated by estimating the years of life remaining for a patient following a

particular treatment or intervention and weighting each year with a quality of life score

(on a zero to 1 scale). It is often measured in terms of the person's ability to perform

the activities of daily life, freedom from pain and mental disturbance. (1)

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