Glossary

A problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between

alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical).

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A decision made with the morals and social values of a given person or group in mind.

The decision usually involves avoiding acts or procedures that may compromise the

moral values of the group of people or individual person being considered.

 

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The fair distribution of benefits and burdens. In some circumstances, an equal

distribution of benefits and burdens will be considered fair. In others, the distribution of

benefits and burdens according to individual or group need will be considered fair. For

example, in some circumstances, it may be equitable to give preference to those who

are worst off, such as the poorest, the sickest, or the most vulnerable. Inequities are

differences in health that are unnecessary, avoidable, and are considered unfair and

unjust.

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Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states

or events (including disease); it is useful to the control diseases and other health

problems.

 

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ical surveillance is a key element in epidemiology and consists of constant

surveillance and monitoring of different indicators from different countries and areas

around the world.

 

(1) TELL ME Project: Flu from A to Z

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The critical number or density of susceptible hosts required for an epidemic to occur.

The epidemic threshold is used to confirm the emergence of an epidemic so as to stepup

appropriate control measures.

Epidemic threshold is widely used to assess the minimal level of vaccination coverage

needed to stop a vaccine preventable agent.

 

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The time span of an outbreak or epidemic.

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Epidemic Intelligence can be defined as the process to detect, verify, analyze, assess

and investigate public health events that may represent a threat to public health.

Providing early warning signals is a main objective of public health surveillance

systems. Epidemic intelligence encompasses activities related to early warning

functions but also signal assessments and outbreak investigation. It aims to speed up

detection of potential health threats and allow timely response.

 

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A histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number

of cases according to time of onset.

 

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From the Greek "epi-", "upon" + "demos", "people or population" = "epidemos" = "upon

the population".The occurrence of more cases of disease or other health condition than

expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular

period. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to

one another in some way. In epidemiology, an epidemic occurs when new cases of a

certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially

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Health system analysis to support capacity development in response to the threat of pandemic influenza in Asia
Making society an active participant in water adaptation to global change
Public Participation in Developing a Common Framework for Assessment and Management of Sustainable Innovation
Engaging all of Europe in shaping a desirable and sustainable future
Expect the unexpected and know how to respond
Driving innovation in crisis management for European resilience
Effective communication in outbreak management: development of an evidence-based tool for Europe
Solutions to improve CBRNe resilience
Network for Communicable Disease Control in Southern Europe and Mediterranean Countries
Developing the framework for an epidemic forecast infrastructure
Strengthening of the national surveillance system for communicable diseases
Surveillance of vaccine preventable hepatitis
European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action
European network for highly infectious disease
Dedicated surveillance network for surveillance and control of vaccine preventable diseases in the EU
Modelling the spread of pandemic influenza and strategies for its containment and mitigation
Cost-effectiveness assessment of european influenza human pandemic alert and response strategies
Bridging the gap between science, stakeholders and policy makers
Promotion of immunization for health professionals in Europe
Towards inclusive research programming for sustainable food innovations
Addressing chronic diseases and healthy ageing across the life cycle
Medical ecosystem – personalized event-based surveillance
Studying the many and varied economic, social, legal and ethical aspects of the recent developments on the Internet, and their consequences for the individual and society at large
Get involved in the responsible marine research and innovation
Knowledge-based policy-making on issues involving science, technology and innovation, mainly based upon the practices in Parliamentary Technology Assessment
Assessment of the current pandemic preparedness and response tools, systems and practice at national, EU and global level in priority areas
Analysis of innovative public engagement tools and instruments for dynamic governance in the field of Science in Society
Public Engagement with Research And Research Engagement with Society
Computing Veracity – the Fourth Challenge of Big Data
Providing infrastructure, co-ordination and integration of existing clinical research networks on epidemics and pandemics
Promote vaccinations among migrant population in Europe
Creating mechanisms for effectively tackling the scientific and technology related challenges faced by society
Improve the quality of indoor air, keeping it free from radon
Improving respect of ethics principles and laws in research and innovation, in line with the evolution of technologies and societal concerns
Investigating how cities in the West securitise against global pandemics
Creating a structured dialogue and mutual learning with citizens and urban actors by setting up National Networks in 10 countries across Europe
Identifying how children can be change agents in the Science and Society relationship
Establishing an open dialogue between stakeholders concerning synthetic biology’s potential benefits and risks
Transparent communication in Epidemics: Learning Lessons from experience, delivering effective Messages, providing Evidence